The EU imported €165B in motor vehicles and parts in 2024 (HS Chapter 87). Japan (€18B), South Korea (€14B), the US (€12B), Turkey (€10B) and the UK (€9B) lead, with Türkiye benefiting from the EU-Turkey Customs Union and Korea from the EU-Korea FTA (0% on most vehicles). The EU charges 10% MFN on passenger cars (8703…